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President Obama Designates Fort Monroe A National Monument

President Obama Designates Fort Monroe A National Monument, Historic For Role In Slavery
Bob Seger, right, and Nicki Seger, take a walk to the historic Fort Monroe, on Thursday, Sept 15, 2011 in Hampton, Va. On Tuesday, Nov. 1, President Obama signed a declaration that designated the fort a national monument. (AP Photo/The Virginian-Pilot, L. Todd Spencer) First Posted: 11/1/11 02:01 PM ET Updated: 11/1/11 02:19 PM ET

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Submit this storydigg reddit stumble President Barack Obama signed a proclamation this morning designating Fort Monroe a national monument. The recently decommissioned Army fort in Virginia played a central role in the Civil War and the nation's slave trade.

It was there, in the summer of 1619, on a swath of land surrounded by a moat in Virginia's Tidewater region, that Dutch traders brought the first enslaved Africans to the fledgling colony. Later, during the Civil War, the fort was controlled by the Union and became a haven and refuge for escaped slaves.

"This is one of the most important and powerful historic places in America, the spot where slavery began and also, two and a half centuries later, received its deathblow," Adam Goodheart, author of "1861: The Civil War Awakening," said to The Huffington Post. "It is the Plymouth Rock of African-American culture. I am thrilled it will be preserved and honored."

Goodheart joined the president and others in the Oval Office for the official signing of the order.

The designation marks the president's first use of his authority under the Antiquities Act, first used by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 to establish America's first national monument, Devil's Tower in Wyoming.

The president's designation was about more than just protecting the fort and the land upon which it sits. According to the White House, continued preservation efforts could bring as many as 3,000 jobs to the region.

"Fort Monroe has played a part in some of the darkest and some of the most heroic moments in American history," President Obama said in a statement. "But today isn't just about preserving a national landmark -- it's about helping to create jobs and grow the local economy. Steps like these won't replace the bold action we need from Congress to get our economy moving and strengthen middle-class families, but they will make a difference."

National parks are responsible for $13.3 billion of local, private-sector economic activity nationwide, supporting 267,000 private-sector jobs, according to a statement released by the White House. There are currently 21 national park units located in Virginia; Fort Monroe would be the 22nd in the state and the 396th nationwide. The statement also said a 2009 study by the National Parks and Conservation Association found that each federal dollar invested in national parks generates at least four dollars of economic value to the public.

Authors and historians have cited Fort Monroe as not only where the earliest slaves arrived, but as having also played a role in the ending of the institution. The fort was also where Confederate President Jefferson Davis was imprisoned after the Civil War.

In an article in the New York Times published earlier this year, entitled "How Slavery Really Ended In America," Goodheart wrote that on May 23, 1861, little more than a month into the Civil War, "three young black men rowed across the James River in Virginia and claimed asylum in a Union-held citadel, Fort Monroe, Va., a fishhook-shaped spit of land near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay."

And in doing so, "not amid the thunder of guns and the clash of fleets, but stealthily, under cover of darkness, in a stolen boat," pushed their way into history and to freedom. Army commanders at the fort used the information given to them by the three men, who had been working at nearby Confederate encampment, to their advantage.

That same year, General Benjamin Butler, the commanding officer at Fort Monroe, signed the "Contraband Decision," which provided a pathway to freedom for thousands of enslaved people during the Civil War and served as a forerunner to President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863.

Ronald L. Chase

Taking Pride in 175 Years of History

Taking Pride in 175 Years of History

Bethlehem Baptist Chuch

This past year Bethlehem Baptist Church celebrated its 132nd anniversary. The church stands as an on-going titan from which the community and the metropolitan area draws for guidance and spiritual comfort. I wish to give a little insight into Bethlehem's history for the many new members that have come to be a part of this historical community.

It was 1863, the Civil War was raging and the United States legislature was engaged in physical fights over the topic of slavery. Abraham Lincoln was physically and mentally exhausted from the burdens of the Civil War. Charles Sumner and Frederick Douglass were lobbying Lincoln to free the slaves. It was also in 1863 that Samuel K. Taylor, refugee slave from Caroline County, Virginia, came to Gum Springs and formed, from the depths of his soul, a star called Bethlehem.

He was born a slave in Caroline County in 1836, the son of John and Agnes Taylor. The Taylor family lived and worked on the plantation of William P. Taylor. Samuel Taylor was converted at the age of 17 and became a member of the church to which the enslavers belonged. His love of God was great and all consuming; for not long after his conversion, he had a spiritual experience whereby he felt God had chosen him to go out to the masses and spread the Word. He was permitted to preach to his fellow slaves on Saturday nights and Sundays on the plantation where he lived. Taylor would eventually escape from his bondage and travel to Gum Springs. After securing lodging, his ministry continued, meeting in various homes to conduct services as he had done previously. It was not until the end of the war that a building was raised to hold religious services for the Gum Springs community. The lumber to build the new church was provided by the federal government. This lumber was originally from stables used to house the horses of the Union Army. One can only surmise what may have been the thoughts of the church members at using lumber that was once a stable. Were their thoughts of shame because their church was built from lumber that was once a dirty stable; or thoughts of honor and glory, for it is said that "the horse is a noble beast that will not tread upon one whom has fallen".

The first building was used for both a church and a schoolhouse. Many of the first members were originally members of the First Colored Baptist Church of Alexandria, known today as the Alfred Street Baptist Church. These members asked for and received their church papers. Along with Samuel Taylor, they formed the First Black Baptist Church of Gum Springs. The Rev. Samuel Madden, then pastor of Alfred Street Baptist, looked upon Gum Springs with fatherly love and care. Madden performed holy communion and baptismal until Samuel Taylor's ordination in 1882. The relationship between the two was always that of a close-knit family.

On April 27, 1884, Bethlehem placed a second cornerstone for the new church. The size of the new church structure was 26' by 36'. The people were very excited about their new church and conducted prayer services once and sometimes twice a week. One night the men would lead the service followed the next night by the women. During a prayer meeting conducted by the women, a fund from the offering was established to purchase a pulpit set. In 1889, a pulpit set was purchased and presented to the church. Portions of that set are still being used in the church today.

By 1912, Rev. Taylor was 76 years old and had served for 47 years. Although his strength was not what it once was, he was still baptizing. During this time, baptisms were conducted at Little Hunting Creek, located at the intersection of U.S. Route 1 and Old Mount Vernon Road. On one such occasion, Rev. Taylor did not change his clothes immediately after a ceremony. He became ill and on Monday following the fourth Sunday in October, 1912, Rev. Samuel Taylor passed from labor to reward.

Article Written by Ronald L. Chase for History In Motion the Gum Springs Historical Society Magazine

Pictures from top to bottom: Bethlehem Baptist Church, 1993; The First Church, 1864; The Second Church, 1913; The Third Church, 1930; Rev. Sam K. Taylor, Bethlehem's Founder.

From the President's Desk

I would like to thank everyone for their patience regarding the printing of the fall edition of the Societies News Magazine. Our new format is courtsey of our new designer Chase Graphic Communications. Much has happened since our last magazine. You may have noticed the placement of the Welcome to Gum Springs area signs. They are located at Sherwood Hall and Parkers Lane, Richmond Highway and Fordson Road. Our third sign which was located at Richmond highway and Sherwood Hall Lane, was removed due to construction, however it will be replace by the Virginia Department of Transportation when construction is completed.

Gum Springs was nominated by, Fairfax County's Mount Vernon Supervisor, Gerry Hyland to have Gum Springs History Week Proclaimed through out the county, during the week of 11-17 December. The Proclamation was received and passed by the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors.

New homes are being built in the community, it seems almost everyday, and of course with the building of something new something old is removed. In coming editions, the society will showcase some of the few older architectural treasures remaining in Gum Springs to give you an even greater appreciation of this wonderful community. In addition, we had two other events that were very important to the society that you may have missed. One, the society celebrated its Tenth Anniversary, which was a great success. Anniversary Souvenier booklets are still available through the society's tape and book order department. The second event was the society's annual Memorial Day Service where we honor past community leaders. Last year's guest speaker was Channel 4 News Anchor Ms. Susan Kidd. Rev. James Kearse, Bethlehem Baptist Church's 4th pastor. Dr. Battle of Howard University Spengarn Center

As Gum Springs evolves, the Gum Springs Historical Society's task of recording and preserving its history has an even greater urgency then ever before. Those who the society has relied upon for historical material and oral histories are gradually becoming one with the ages -- Frances Johnson-Washington and Hilcress Stokes just to name a few. The list is long, time is short, and a morning and an evening count.
Anyone with old photos, documents, and other material of historical value can contact the society to donate artifacts or have those artifacts cataloged. I would like to give a special thanks to Hanna Adams. She donated two porcelain decanters handed down from the George Mason Estate.